Through functional biopolymer cooperativity, Pt/zein/gelatin‐GOx sensors detect sub‐µm glucose and quantify blood‐sugar with excellent recovery. A simple sandwich of natural zein and gelatin on Pt electrodes enable glucose oxidase immobilization (gelatin) and interference protection during anodic H2O2 biosensor signaling (zein).
Moreover, the successful establishment of the cooperative dual biopolymer functionality on mass‐fabricated commercial screen‐printed electrode platforms verify the essential suitability of this methodology for portable clinical and personal health care monitoring. The excellent performance of the novel biosensor design is confirmed here using GOx as a model, however, its application to other enzymes, antibodies, and DNA is feasible, offering economical biosensing while utilizing green functional materials. This demonstrates for the first time the exceptional power of the cooperative action of two natural polymers in the ecofriendly improvement of a biosensor. The functional cooperativity between gelatin‐GOx immobilization and molecular filtering by zein produced signal linearity up to 1 mm glucose, a sub‐µm practical detection limit, a rapid response time, a long shelf‐life, and excellent glucose analytical quality testing even with serum samples with intentionally elevated levels of interferents. The gelatin top‐coat of the biocompatible sandwich supports covalent external attachment of glucose oxidase (GOx), ensuring easy access of substrate to enzyme, while the lower, selectively permeable zein base‐coat protects electro‐oxidative detection of enzymically‐produced hydrogen peroxide from interferents. The overwhelming majority of these fluctuations should not affect clinical decision making.įor sustainable high‐quality biosensor preparation, the biopolymers zein and gelatin are placed on Pt electrodes as base‐ and top‐coats, respectively, through simple drop‐and‐dry addition.
Mild-to-moderate fluctuations in precision occur in successive serum creatinine determinations. The P-values ranged from 0.0829 to 0.3892, indicating no statistically significant difference between the standard deviations of each group. Statistical comparisons of the three groups were made using the unpaired t-test, yielding a two-tailed P-value for each group comparison. The specimens were stored at 4☌ and run on the Siemens Advia 1800 chemistry analyzer on days 1, 3, and 11. They were divided into three categories based on the initial serum creatinine measurement: low (≤1.0 mg/dl), borderline (1.1-1.3 mg/dl), and high (≥1.4 mg/dl). The goal of this work was to determine whether there are clinically significant fluctuations in the level of serum creatinine on serial determinations, especially in the borderline range (1.1-1.3 mg/dl), after specimen storage.